{"id":1281,"date":"2022-04-01T16:44:59","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T08:44:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/?p=1281"},"modified":"2022-05-18T13:07:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T05:07:44","slug":"about-edward-witten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/about-edward-witten\/","title":{"rendered":"\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30\uff0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u7406\u985e\u7d44\u3001\u79d1\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\u7684\u7537\u4eba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u968e\u6bb5\u5c31\u5f97\u9762\u81e8\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u7684\u5283\u5206\u5c07\u4eba\u5011\u5206\u5272\u6210\u6587\u7406\u5169\u985e\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u5b78\u5347\u5b78\u6642\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u79d1\u7cfb\u7336\u5982\u751f\u96e2\u6b7b\u5225\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u8a8d\u5b9a\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0f11e9\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u547d\u4e2d\u8a3b\u5b9a\u7684\u9078\u64c7<\/mark>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5730\uff0c\u9650\u7e2e\u8457\u81ea\u8eab\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\u8207\u53ef\u80fd\u6027&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u547c\u61f6\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u670987%\u7684\u4eba\u6c92\u807d\u904e\u4eca\u5929\u8981\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u54b1\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2<span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u59a8\u7919\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u7701\u601d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u79d1\u7cfb\u985e\u7d44\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/about-the-effect-of-sheep-flock\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark 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href=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/about-edward-witten\/#%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%e8%a9%b2%e5%81%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%853%ef%bc%9a%e7%84%a1%e8%ab%96%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%8b%e6%b2%92%e4%ba%8b%ef%bc%8c%e8%a9%b2%e6%98%af%e9%a0%98%e5%80%8b%e7%8d%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%99%82%e5%80%99%e4%ba%86\" title=\"\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c53\uff1a\u7121\u8ad6\u6709\u4e8b\u6c92\u4e8b\uff0c\u8a72\u662f\u9818\u500b\u734e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e86\">\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c53\uff1a\u7121\u8ad6\u6709\u4e8b\u6c92\u4e8b\uff0c\u8a72\u662f\u9818\u500b\u734e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e86<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e9%81%b8%e9%a1%9e%e7%b5%84%ef%bc%9f%e6%88%91%e8%a6%81%e7%95%b6%e8%a8%98%e8%80%85%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%81\"><\/span>\u9078\u985e\u7d44\uff1f\u6211\u8981\u7576\u8a18\u8005\uff01\uff01<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\uff08Edward Witten\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u572850\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u7576\u6642\u9817\u5177\u8072\u660e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u529b\u8207\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c<span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u5f9e\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u8207\u7236\u89aa\u5728\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u9592\u8a71\u5bb6\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u81fa\u7063\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u5c31\u8b80\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5967\u6797\u5339\u4e9e\u91d1\u724c\u4fdd\u9001\u91ab\u5b78\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u8a18\u8005.jpg\" alt=\"\u9577\u5927\u7576\u8a18\u8005\" class=\"wp-image-1296\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u8a18\u8005.jpg 640w, https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u8a18\u8005-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5f88\u6709\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u5c0f<span>\u5a01\u9a30\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u60f3\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u8005\uff01\u6216\u8005\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u932f\uff01\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e6%89%80%e4%bb%a5%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%96%e5%8e%bb%e8%ae%80%e5%a4%a7%e7%9c%be%e5%82%b3%e6%92%ad%e6%88%96%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e7%b3%bb%e4%ba%86%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f\"><\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u8b80\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u64ad\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281971\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u6587\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u7684\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fee\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u8f14\u4fee\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8036\uff1f\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u662f\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u55ce\uff1f\u83ab\u975e\u662f\u4f4d\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6642\u5149\u5728\u6b64\u51dd\u6eef\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4e5f\u6c92\u932f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u9678\u7e8c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a<strong>\u65b0\u5171\u548c<\/strong>\u300b<\/a>\u548c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u300b<\/a><\/strong>\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u64b0\u5beb\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c1972\u5e74\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u55ac\u6cbb\u30fb\u9ea5\u6208\u6587\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u5de5\u4f5c\u516d\u500b\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/bki-20120930221832-520818721.jpg\" alt=\"\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef \u5a01\u9a30\" class=\"wp-image-1293\" title=\"\"><figcaption>Edward Witten<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u89aa\u8eab\u89aa\u6b77\u4e86\u5152\u6642\u5922\u60f3\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u8f49\u8b8a\u5fd7\u5411\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u8ff7\u60d8\u4e2d\u63a2\u554f\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/rene-descartes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#2608f7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6b77\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f9e\u73ab\u7470\u5341\u5b57\u6703\u5230\u88ab\u4f60\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u6211\u601d\u6545\u6211\u5728<\/mark><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%8d%e6%96%b7%e5%86%8d%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87%e7%9a%84%e9%81%8e%e7%a8%8b\"><\/span>\u4e0d\u65b7\u518d\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u904e\u7a0b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u5148\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5927\u5b78\u9ea5\u8fea\u905c\u5206\u6821\uff08University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison\uff09\u7576\u4e86\u4e00\u5b78\u671f\u7684<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3d08f0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78<\/mark>\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u4f11\u5b78\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1973\u5e74\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff08Princeton University\uff09\u7684<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3d07f3\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb<\/mark>\u5c31\u8b80\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8f49\u7cfb\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u57281976\u5e74\u7372\u5f97<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#1508f0\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb<\/mark>\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1976\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9802\u5c16\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u904e\u4e16\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u985e\u7d44\u9078\u64c7.jpg\" alt=\"\u9078\u64c7\" class=\"wp-image-1298\" width=\"480\" height=\"256\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u985e\u7d44\u9078\u64c7.jpg 640w, https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u985e\u7d44\u9078\u64c7-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption>\u4f60\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6247\u9580\uff1f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%b0%e5%a2%83\"><\/span>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u56f0\u5883<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u662f\u9f0e\u9f0e\u5927\u540d\u7684\u300c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u300d\u5927\u5ec8\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7576\u6642\u9019\u68df\u5927\u6a13\u9084\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u985e\u76ee\u524d\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u529b\uff1a\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u6838\u529b\u3001\u5f37\u6838\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5c0d\u5f37\u5ea6\u6700\u5f31\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u537b\u6700\u5ee3\u7684<strong>\u5f15\u529b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5927\u5ec8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u9072\u9072\u672a\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5c07\u5f15\u529b\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u5927\u5ec8\u5730\u57fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u5011\u4f9d\u820a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u5f15\u529b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u8207\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u60f3\u85c9\u6b64\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u300c\u5f15\u529b\u300d\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u7d93\u7531\u8a08\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u5f15\u529b\u7121\u7aae\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u96e3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u548c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%bc%a6%e8%ab%96%e7%9a%84%e8%aa%95%e7%94%9f\"><\/span>\u5f26\u8ad6\u7684\u8a95\u751f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5230\u4e8660\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u4e86\u8f49\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1968\u5e74\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CERN\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u52a0\u5e03\u91cc\u57c3\u840a\u30fb\u97cb\u5167\u9f4a\u4e9e\u8afe\uff08Gabriele Veneziano\uff09\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u89e3\u91cb\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5ffd\u7136\u4e4b\u9593\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u4e4b\u738b\u6b50\u62c9\u5728200\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u51fd\u6578\uff1a\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"264\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/\u87a2\u5e55\u5feb\u7167-2022-04-01-\u4e0b\u53481.35.28.png\" alt=\"\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578\" class=\"wp-image-1301\" title=\"\"><figcaption>\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5e38\u554f\u7684\uff1a<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#1609ea\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6578\u5b78\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff1f<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5169\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u5728200\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u97cb\u5167\u9f4a\u4e9e\u8afe\u767c\u89ba\uff1a\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578\u7adf\u7136\u80fd<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#1f0be4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6027\u8cea<\/mark><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u767c\u73fe\u767c\u8868\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u754c\u9707\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u5011\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96d6\u7136\u6b50\u62c9\u03b2\u51fd\u6578\u597d\u50cf\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f37\u6838\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u6982\u7d93\u904e\u5169\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7576\u6210\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9707\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u7dad\u7684\u5f26\u300d\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u5c31\u6b64\u8a95\u751f\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%ad%a4%e7%8d%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%88%87%e8%b6%85%e5%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96\"><\/span>\u5b64\u7368\u7684\u9053\u8def\u8207\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7d93\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u767c\u89ba\u8981\u4ee5\u5f26\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6703\u64c1\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8a6d\u7570\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7a7a\u9593\u64c1\u670926\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u540c\u6642\u671f\u91cf\u5b50\u8272\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u9810\u6e2c\u95dc\u65bc\u5f37\u6838\u5b50\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d66\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u5728\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u5f26\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1984\u5e74\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u5805\u6301\u9019\u689d\u9053\u8def\u7684\u7d04\u7ff0\u30fb\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff08John Schwarz\uff09\u548c\u55ac\u723e\u30fb\u8b1d\u514b\uff08Jo\u00ebl Scherk\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7c21\u5316\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5f15\u5165\u8d85\u5c0d\u7a31\u7406\u8ad6\uff0d\u6bcf\u500b\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u5b50\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u7576\u521d\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u7522\u751f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u610f\u9593\u86fb\u8b8a\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u80fd\u5de7\u5999\u878d\u5408\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u7d55\u4e16\u5fc3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u66d9\u5149\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/about-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0306eb\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u53ef\u4fe1\u55ce\uff0d\u4f60\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u771f\u5be6\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u300c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u300d\uff1f<\/mark><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e5%b0%8b%e6%89%be%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e8%81%96%e7%9b%83\"><\/span>\u5c0b\u627e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8056\u76c3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8eab\u8655\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u529b\uff1a\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u6838\u529b\u3001\u5f37\u6838\u529b\u3001\u5f15\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u90a3\u9019\u56db\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u529b\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u64c1\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u89e3\u91cb\u56db\u7a2e\u529b\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\u642d\u914d\u8d85\u5c0d\u7a31\u7406\u8ad6\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u5f26\u8ad6\u9032\u5316\u7684\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u5f80\u7269\u7406\u8056\u76c3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u7d71\u4e00\u5b87\u5b99\u56db\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7d42\u5176\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u70ba\u5c0b\u627e\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u505a\u5f97\u5230\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%ef%bc%8c%e5%b0%b1%e5%81%9a%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%e8%a9%b2%e5%81%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u5c31\u505a\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2<span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%e8%a9%b2%e5%81%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%851%ef%bc%9a%e6%b2%92%e4%ba%8b%e7%8e%a9%e7%8e%a9%e6%95%b8%e5%ad%b8\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c51\uff1a\u6c92\u4e8b\u73a9\u73a9\u6578\u5b78<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u62d3\u64b2\u5b78\u7684\u626d\u7d50\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Knot theory\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u71b1\u9580\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u626d\u7d50\u4e0d\u8b8a\u91cf\u88ab\u4e00\u4e00\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u525b\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u74ca\u65af\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\uff08Jones-polynomial\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u62d3\u64b2\u5b78\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u9023\u7e8c\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8207\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u7576\u773e\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u5728\u5617\u8a66\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u524d\u5f80\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u5bf6\u85cf\u6642&#8230;..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u7ad9\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff1a\u5662\uff5e\u74ca\u65af\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u7684\u626d\u7d50\u4e0d\u8b8a\u91cf\u5440\uff1f\uff01\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u500b3-\u6d41\u5f62\uff083-manifold\uff09\uff0c\u4e58\u4e0a\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u7fa4\uff08Gauge group\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u73a9\u610f&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u901a\u4fd7\u6307\u5357\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u597d\u50cf\u8b8a\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u8b93\u4eba\u7121\u5948\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u8b93\u4eba\u7121\u5948\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u53c8\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u62d3\u64b2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u526a\u5207\u6d41\u5f62\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u628a\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e00\u7db2\u6253\u76e1\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u9023\u65b0\u5927\u9678\u7684\u8239\u7968\u90fd\u9084\u6c92\u8cb7\u597d\u5462\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%e8%a9%b2%e5%81%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%852%ef%bc%9a%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%8b%e7%8e%a9%e7%8e%a9%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c52\uff1a\u6709\u4e8b\u73a9\u73a9\u7269\u7406<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u7684\u5c0b\u627e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8056\u76c3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5e7e\u5e74\u671f\u9593\u5c31\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u5343\u7bc7\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u8a95\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5230\u4e8690\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c<span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u53c8\u7ad9\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u4e1f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u8f5f\u52d5\u6b66\u6797\u3001\u9707\u9a5a\u842c\u6559\u7684\u300cM\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u88e1\u7684M\u6709\u819c\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u3001\u6bcd\u89aa\u7b49\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u4e0d\u8981\u8aa4\u6703\uff0c\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5404\u7a2e\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u66f4\u9032\u5316\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span>\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u4ee5\u6975\u70ba\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u5404\u7a2e\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u300cM\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u800c\u5df2\u3002M\u7406\u8ad6\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u842c\u7528\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u5c0f\u5200\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5169\u9805\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u5df2&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1314\" width=\"320\" height=\"227\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00.jpg 640w, https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><figcaption>\u7d71\u4e0011\u7dad\u5ea6\u82075\u7a2e\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u7684M\u7406\u8ad6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8d85\u5f26<s>\uff08\u9592\uff09<\/s>\u9769\u547d\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%92%e8%a9%b2%e5%81%9a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e6%83%853%ef%bc%9a%e7%84%a1%e8%ab%96%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%8b%e6%b2%92%e4%ba%8b%ef%bc%8c%e8%a9%b2%e6%98%af%e9%a0%98%e5%80%8b%e7%8d%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%99%82%e5%80%99%e4%ba%86\"><\/span>\u4e3b\u89d2\u8a72\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c53\uff1a\u7121\u8ad6\u6709\u4e8b\u6c92\u4e8b\uff0c\u8a72\u662f\u9818\u500b\u734e\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e86<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1990\u5e74\uff0c<span>\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef<em class=\"qkunPe\"><\/em>\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30<\/span>\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u83f2\u723e\u8332\u734e\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5f97\u734e\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u4e0d\u5beb\u4e86\uff0c\u5404\u4f4d\u53ea\u8981\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u539f\u56e0XD\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/sciencespirits.com\/fields-medal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0609fb\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u83f2\u723e\u8332\u734e \uff0d\u8b93\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u667a\u5dd4\u5cf0\u2026\u2026<\/mark><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u83f2\u723e\u8332\u734e\u7684\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7372\u734e\u96e3\u5ea6\u9084\u662f\u542b\u91d1\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u6bd4\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u9084\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u6709\u4eba\u597d\u5947\u54b1\u5011\u7684\u5a01\u9a30\uff0c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u62ff\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c92\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5373\u4fbf\u662f2022\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9084\u5728\u9a57\u8b49\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u800c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e00\u4e0d\u9812\u7d66\u6b7b\u4eba\u3001\u4e8c\u4e0d\u9812\u7d66\u672a\u7d93\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u7d14\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u80fd\u5920\u9a57\u8b49M\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6280\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8981\u7b49\u500b500\u5e74\u624d\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u30fb\u5a01\u9a30\u4f9d\u820a\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u6700\u591a\u5b78\u8853\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u6b77\u8a18\u8005\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u88ab\u300c\u6211\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5f80\u54ea\u689d\u8def\u8d70\u300d\u6240\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u90a3\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u5c11\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote 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